Who Is Running for Us House of Representatives
Next week US voters volition choose between the 2 oldest presidential candidates in history —Joe Biden at 77 or Donald Trump at 74.
In 2016, Trump fabricated history equally the oldest person to presume office at lxx years old.
If Joe Biden is elected, he'll interruption that record at age 78.
While American electors don't have much pick this yr, information technology's already being speculated that the 2024 election could usher in a younger generation of political candidates.
We already saw the beginnings of this younger free energy this yr, when Democrats Pete Buttigieg and Tulsi Gabbard ran in the Democratic primary aged in their late 30s.
If Joe Biden is elected in 2022 but opts not to run for a second term, 31-year-old Democratic congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (frequently called AOC) is touted as another 2024 candidate.
Born on October 13, 1989, she would exist 34 years old for all but three weeks of the 2024 presidential race, and would have just turned 35 past election day.
But is that besides immature? How young is too young to run for president of the United States, and when does the dominion boot in?
The over 35 rule
Article II of the United states of america constitution says candidates must be 35 years old to take office as president.
To be a senator y'all have to exist xxx, and to be a member of the Firm of Representatives y'all must be 25.
Those rules haven't inverse for over 200 years — they were written into the constitution in 1787, and came into effect in 1789.
Does the age rule apply from election day, or inauguration twenty-four hour period?
It applies on inauguration day — which these days is normally January 20, in the twelvemonth following the election.
That ways a candidate can campaign in a primary race, be nominated as their party's candidate, and even exist elected to the presidency at 34 years erstwhile — as long as they'll be 35 past the date they take office.
Back in the 1972 election, one nearly unknown Delawarean senator-elect reached this age minimum by the tightest of margins.
Joe Biden was 29 when he was elected, and had but turned 30 by the time he was sworn in.
If Ocasio-Cortez did run for president in 2024 and won, she'd be 35 years and three months former on January 20, 2025.
Who was the youngest president?
The youngest person to assume the presidency was Theodore Roosevelt, who got the job aged 42 when president William McKinley was assassinated in 1901.
John F Kennedy remains the youngest person elected equally president, at 43 years quondam on inauguration day 1961.
And then why 35?
Given Us citizens can vote at 18 years sometime, what'south so special about 35?
In Australia, for instance, the minimum age to stand at any level of government is 18.
That's the rule in other democracies, similar Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and many European nations.
The founding fathers mostly agreed historic period minimums were a good idea
During the drafting of the constitution, delegates to the 1787 Usa Constitutional Convention didn't discuss the presidential age limit, simply did have a brief back-and-forth nearly the proposed age minimum in the Business firm.
Their arguments basically boiled downwards to (one) your opinions get more sophisticated as you get older and (2) we need our political representatives to take time to establish some stature and continuing in the customs.
George Stonemason — who ultimately refused to sign the constitution — said his own personal opinions at age 21 "were also crude and erroneous to merit an influence on public measures".
Founding male parent James Wilson didn't agree, proverb an age minimum would "clammy the efforts of genius, and of laudable ambition", citing respected politicians in the UK who had attained office in their early 20s.
James Madison later justified requiring senators to be older than Firm members, proverb "senatorial trust" required a "greater extent of information and stability of character" that developed with historic period.
Funnily enough, many of the constitutional drafters weren't themselves 35 when they wrote the constitution — more than a dozen of the delegates were nether 35, including Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
It may have been to avoid creating family dynasties
One of the major reasons Americans wanted to cutting their ties with Great britain was to get rid of the monarchy.
The presidential age minimum may therefore have been an attempt to avoid creating a monarch-like succession of power from parent to kid.
Back in the 18th century, it was extremely unlikely a president's children would have turned 35 by the time he left function subsequently one or two terms.
It may accept worked: while there have been four instances where one family produced multiple presidents, at that place has never been a father whose son immediately replaced him every bit the subsequent president.
Has the dominion e'er been challenged?
There have been a few senators and Business firm representatives over the years who sneaked in slightly earlier reaching the requisite age, seemingly without consequences.
Parties have attempted to get out of age rules in various means. In 1934, 29-year-old senator-elect Rush Holt was forced to wait half-dozen months, until his 30th birthday, earlier existence sworn in as a senator.
In 2012, 27-year-former Californian Peta Lindsay ran as a presidential candidate for a modest party, but was subsequently removed from the certified list of candidates.
She challenged the decision, arguing while she agreed she wasn't constitutionally eligible to be president, it was a violation of her constitutional rights to preclude her from running for the role at all.
A federal appeals court rejected this, arguing to do otherwise would mean "anyone, regardless of historic period, citizenship or any other constitutional ineligibility would be entitled to clutter and confuse our balloter ballot".
Could the US modify the rule?
Ramble amendment in the US is a big deal. It requires both the House and the Senate to pass the amendment's wording at a two-thirds bulk, and then three-quarters of the states to ratify information technology.
Changing the constitution therefore requires a huge groundswell of public pressure and political advocacy before information technology's even contemplated.
Information technology'due south articulate that in 2020, voters have other compelling priorities to bargain with, and at that place's no real public push to exercise annihilation about the age minimums.
Perhaps this volition change if a hugely popular underage candidate emerges in the hereafter.
In fact, given this year's suite of older candidates, some are wondering whether there should be an upper age cap on candidacy — preventing people who are 'too sometime' from running.
What are the other rules?
The other requirements in the constitution are that the candidate must exist:
- A natural born citizen, and
- A US resident for at to the lowest degree 14 years
Us courts have generally interpreted the "natural born" diction to mean a president must have been born in the Usa, but have never straight heard a challenge to a presidential candidate'due south eligibility.
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Source: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-30/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-president-donald-trump-us-election/12818468
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